Sistemas de soporte de decisiones (SSD) aplicados a la formulación de políticas públicas agrarias

Context: The process of formulating agricultural public policies is very complex due to the large number of variables involved in the process. That is why the development of decision support systems (DSS) help to improve this process. The article reviews the developments that have been made regarding the subject. Method: The method was to conduct a bibliographic review in several scientific databases, looking for developments of DSS systems applied to the process of formulating agricultural policies. When determining which DSS systems have been developed, a qualitative and descriptive analysis of the systems was carried out.Contexto: El proceso de formulación de políticas públicas agrarias es muy complejo por la gran cantidad de variables que intervienen en el proceso. Por eso el desarrollo de sistemas de soporte de decisiones (SSD) ayudan a mejorar dicho proceso. El artículo revisa los desarrollo que se han realizado con respecto al tema. Método: El método fue realizar una revisión bibliográfica en varias bases de datos científicas, buscando desarrollos de sistemas SSD aplicados al proceso de formulación de políticas agrarias. Al determinar cuales sistemas SSD se han desarrollado, se procedió a realizar un análisis cualitativo y también descriptivo de los sistemas.  Resultados: Se encontraron 30 sistemas SSD aplicados a la formulación de políticas agrarias, donde la mayoría están enfocados al proceso de producción agrícola y su relación con el medio ambiente. Conclusiones: La más relevante es la necesidad de generar sistemas SSD que determinen posibles comportamientos futuros de los interesados, al desarrollar potenciales políticas agrarias. Ajustadas a las características propias de los países ubicados en la zona tropical

Sistema de transmisión de datos topográficos desde un colector topográfico a la estación base utilizando la red de telefonía celular

It developed a communication system that has the functionality to transmit the information collected by a topographic manifold which is usually located at a distance of several kilometers from the base camp, in which information of all manifolds of the area was collect to be processed and stored for later analysis. The implementation of this device aims to reduce the time of data collection and the time for processing them. The tool used for this information is sent via text messages (SMS) from a cell phone taking advantage of the coverage of the cellular network that is implemented in the country. The process begins with data collection by the topographic manifold which is acquired by a communication card that was designed as an interface between the manifold and the cell, which takes the information provided by the manifold in plain text and is responsible to change the format so it can be captured by the cell and be sent via text messages to the cellular receptor that is located in the base station to the computer responsible for collecting the total information in the area.En este trabajo se desarrolla un sistema de comunicación que tiene como funcionalidad transmitir la información recolectada por un colector topográfico, que por lo general se encuentra ubicado a una distancia de varios kilómetros del campamento base, en el cual se recolecta la información de todos los colectores de la zona. La implementación de este dispositivo tiene como objetivo reducir los tiempos de recolección de datos y su procesamiento. La herramienta utilizada para él envió de esta información son los mensajes de texto (SMS) de un teléfono celular, aprovechando la cobertura de la red de telefonía celular. Para ello se diseñó una tarjeta de comunicación como interface entre el colector y el celular, la cual toma la información que suministra el colector en texto plano y se encarga de cambiarla de formato para que pueda ser capturada por el celular y ser enviada vía mensajes de texto al celular receptor que se encuentra ubicado en la estación base al computador encargado de recolectar la información total de la zona

Aplicación de la inteligencia artificial en la formulación de políticas públicas relacionadas con la vocación agrícola de las regiones

The objective of this work was to conduct a review on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques applied to the formulation of public policies that contribute to the agricultural vocation of the regions. To this effect, a descriptive methodology with a mixed approach was employed. The methodological design used was PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). The analyzed publications were taken from the Scopus database. For the quantitative analysis, the VosViewer software and the Bibliometrix R language library were used. As a result, it was found that AI techniques are employed to identify areas with an agricultural vocation or to find better agricultural practices that promote sustainable development. It was concluded that this research area is incipient and that it is necessary to generate new models that are more robust and include demographic, social, environmental, economic, and political variables.El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión sobre el uso de las técnicas de inteligencia artificial (IA) aplicadas a la formulación de políticas públicas que contribuyan a la vocación agrícola de las regiones, para lo cual se usó una metodología descriptiva con enfoque mixto. El diseño metodológico utilizado fue el PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Las publicaciones analizadas fueron tomadas de la base de datos de Scopus. Para el análisis cuantitativo se utilizaron las herramientas informáticas VosViewer y la librería Bibliometrix del lenguaje R. Como resultado se encontró que las técnicas de IA se han aplicado para identificar zonas con vocación agrícola o para encontrar mejores prácticas agrícolas que promuevan el desarrollo sostenible. Se concluyó que esta área de investigación es incipiente y que es necesario generar nuevos modelos que sean más robustos e incluyan variables demográficas, sociales, ambientales, económicas y políticas

Análisis de la producción de publicaciones científicas en inteligencia artificial aplicada a la formulación de Políticas Públicas

The objective of this article is to analyze the scientific publications made regarding the use of artificial intelligence tools in the decision-making process in the formulation of public policies. The methodology used was initially to create a search equation to locate the publications in this regard, which was tested and refined several times to improve the results found, this equation was applied in the SCOPUS database, with which 1.154 publications were obtained, to which bibliometric indicators were applied. The main results obtained were that this area has had great growth in the last decade, where the countries with the highest production are the United States, the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom. By comparing scientific production with financing entities, it was possible to conclude the importance of government support for scientific development in a country.El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las publicaciones científicas especializadas en el uso de herramientas de inteligencia artificial en el proceso de toma de decisiones durante la formulación de políticas públicas. Como herramienta metodológica se creó una ecuación de búsqueda para ubicar las publicaciones concernientes, la cual fue probada y perfeccionada varias veces para mejorar los resultados encontrados. Esta ecuación fue aplicada en la base de datos de Scopus, con lo cual se obtuvieron 1154 publicaciones, a las que se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos. En los resultados obtenidos se encontró que principalmente esta área ha tenido un gran crecimiento en la última década; cuyos países con mayor producción son: Estados Unidos, República Popular de China y el Reino Unido. Al comparar producción científica con las entidades patrocinantes se pudo concluir la importancia del apoyo gubernamental para desarrollo científico de un país

Traffic model for the interconnection of networks and operators using MPLS-TE

In this paper, the main features of MPLS Traffic Engineering are presented to illustrate how telecommunication service providers use them to create interconnections between each other in order to offer telecom services satisfying QoS commitments. Based on previous traffic models, a new model, which deals with traffic queue balancing for different Classes of Service, and for a provider using another provider´s network is presented. The model output shows that carrying another operator’s traffic may increase delays in an undesirable manner, forcing the carrier to increase the serving rate of LSRs until Utilization is below 60 %. In order to validate the model, a number of network scenarios are implemented in the Wolfram Mathematica 10.1 Study Version, based on study case configurations of an MPLS network. The total global model is useful for future implementation of test-beds of interconnected providers under an MPLS environment

Characterization of high-power white leds for VLC applications

During the last years, visible light communications (VLC) have been proposed for providing connectivity while ensuring satisfactory illumination in both indoor environments and also specific outdoor scenarios without the need of deploying complex infrastructures for that purpose. Transmission for VLC is carried out through lightemitting diodes (LEDs), which correspond to semiconductors based on PN-junction materials with a direct gap. In this sense, the current flow plays a major role in the behavior and performance of these devices for VLC. Therefore, characterizing the electrical response of high-power white LED results mandatory for the successful implementation of VLC. At this point, it is worth noting that the electrical characterization is usually not available for high-power LEDs since, in fact, determining these characterization results challenging. In this sense, there exist some measurement instruments such as LCRs or impedance analyzers typically employed for characterizing materials and passive electrical components. However, these kinds of instruments are subject to a limited input impedance and a maximum value of forwarding current. In this work, the electrical characterization of the LED LXHL-BW02 of Luxeon is analyzed to show that typically commercial instrumentation for characterizing these devices is limited for high-power LEDs, which may provide polluted results when these limitations are not considered. After that, the characterization of the LXHL-BW02 based on a lock-in amplifier is proposed.This research was co-financed by Comunidad de Madrid and the FSE/FEDER Program under grant SINFOTON2-CM (S2018/NMT-4326), the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid under grant 2020/00038/001, and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-109072RB-C31), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) EXP 00119337/IDI-2019029

STANDARDIZATION INITIATIVES IN THE PRODUCTION OF VIRTUAL LEARNING OBJECTS

Los procesos de formación contemporáneos han identificado en las TIC y en la virtualización, estrategias claves para fortalecer la formación. Este proceso se ve mediado por la producción de contenidos digitales orientados al aprendizaje. Desarrollo que requiere de unos estándares que permitan aprovechar factores como reusabilidad, escalabilidad y accesibilidad, entre otros. Este artículo presenta una exploración de las principales especificaciones y estándares que circunscriben la producción tecnológica de objetos de aprendizaje, como la discusión acerca de la selección y el uso de la estrategia de estandarización definida, como uno de los resultados propuestos en el proceso de investigación. Revisión dentro de la cual se identifica que, acorde a las características claves del Objeto de Aprendizaje, y teniendo en cuenta aspectos como la interfaz de comunicaciones, los metadatos y el empaquetamiento, se identifican diferentes estrategias de estandarización, tales como LOM, DCMI, SCORM e IMS. Para tales efectos se estudiará la clasificación y la taxonomía de los Objetos de aprendizaje, se hará una caracterización general de las principales iniciativas que buscan estandarizar la producción tecnológica de los objetos de aprendizaje, se analizarán sus respectivos aportes, el trabajo a seguir y las conclusiones.Contemporary training processes have been identified in TIC and virtualization, key strategies to strengthen training. This process is mediated through the production of digital content for learning purposes, which is a development that requires standards to take advantage factors such as reusability, scalability, and accessibility, among others. This article presents a review of the main specifications and standards that circumscribe the technological production of learning objects, such as the discussion about the selection and use of the standardization strategy defined as one of the results proposed in the research process. Review within which it is identified that, according to key features of the virtual object learning, and taking into account aspects such as communication interface, metadata and packaging, different standardization strategies are identified such as LOM, DCMI, SCORM; also, IMS is analyzed. To this purpose, we will study the classification and taxonomy of learning objects; there will be a general characterization of the major initiatives to standardize the technological production of learning objects and an analyzis of their contributions

An enhanced method for dynamic characterization of high-power LEDs for visible light communication applications

Visible light communications (VLC) have been proposed for several applications beyond the traditional indoor scenarios, from vehicular to underwater communications. The common element in all these applications is the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in which the forward current that flows through each LED plays a major role. Therefore, knowing the electrical equivalent of the LEDs is a useful tool for the proper design of the VLC systems. Currently, some measurement instruments exist, such as the LCR (inductance, capacitance, and resistance) meters or impedance analyzers to characterize the main parameters of the LEDs. However, these instruments and measurement procedures are subject to satisfying some requirements, such as a minimum value of the input impedance or the maximum forward current. In this work, the LED LXHL-BW02 is used to obtain its equivalent circuit, using different measurement methods and traditional methods of measurement with our proposed method. The equivalent model is implemented on the simulation tool LTSPICE. Our alternative method can be used for determining the electrical equivalent circuit of LEDs subject to high current variations at very high frequencies, in the MHz range, i.e., in an operating range for VLC applications.This research was co-financed by Comunidad de Madrid and the FSE/FEDER Program under grant SINFOTON2-CM (S2018/NMT-4326), the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of “Fostering Young Doctors Research” (GEOVEOLUZ-CM-UC3M), and in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation, and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-109072RB-C31) and under the CDTI (Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación) throughthe European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) EXP 00119337/IDI-2019029

Clinical Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration in Oral Implantology. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

In bone regeneration, obtaining a vital bone as similar as possible to native bone is sought. This review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of stem cells in maxillary bone regeneration for implant rehabilitation and to review the different techniques for obtaining and processing these cells. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using the Pubmed/Medline (NCBI), Cochrane, Scielo, and Scopus databases, without restriction on the publication date. The following Mesh terms were used, combined by the Boolean operator "AND": "dental implants" AND "stem cells" AND "bioengineering". Applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, five articles were obtained and three were added after manual search. The results from the meta-analysis (18 patients) did not provide significant differences despite the percentage of bone formed in the maxillary sinus, favoring the stem cell group, and the analysis of the percentage of residual Bio-Oss(R) showed results favoring the control group. Stem cell regeneration usually shows positive vascular and viable bone formation. In conclusion, using mesenchymal stem cells in bone regeneration provides benefits in the quality of bone, similar or even superior to autologous bone, all this through a minimally invasive procedure

Narrow Diameter Dental Implants as an Alternative Treatment for Atrophic Alveolar Ridges. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To determine the marginal bone loss and the survival, success and failure rates of narrow dental implants, a systematic literature search was carried out in the MEDLINE (Pubmed), Cochrane, Scopus, and Scielo databases for articles published between 2010 and 2021. The exclusion criteria were: systematic reviews, case reports, expert opinions; animal studies; samples of less than 10 subjects; follow-up periods of less than 36 months; smokers of minimum 10 cigarettes/day; and articles about mini-implants for orthodontic anchorage. Meta-analyses were performed to assess marginal bone loss and implant survival, success, and failure rates. Fifteen studies were included: 7 clinical trials, 3 randomized clinical trials, 3 cohort studies, and 2 case series. The total number of subjects was 773, in whom 1245 implants were placed. The survival rate for the narrow diameter implants was 97%, the success rate 96.8%, and the failure rate 3%. Marginal bone loss was 0.821 mm. All these data were evaluated at 36 months. Based on the literature, it can be considered that there is sufficient evidence to consider small diameter implants a predictable treatment option. These show favorable survival and success rates and marginal bone loss. All of them are comparable to those of standard diameter dental implants